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Griffith Park Zoo — The Great World Zoo That Never Was (1912-1966)

CATEGORY: Preservation |
On Jul 9, 2019

A Dicey Beginning

“Griffith Park is an ideal location for a zoological garden,” an editorial gushed in the July 1907 Los Angeles Times. The idea fit perfectly with Col. Griffith’s vision, when he created the park in 1896, that it be “a place of recreation and rest for the masses,” but Griffith Park Zoo (today, the “Old Zoo”) would not become a reality until 1912. There were a couple of zoos in Los Angeles around that time: the Eastlake Park Zoo (now Lincoln Park), and the private Selig Zoo, established by William Selig, who created the earliest and most successful film studio in the country, and brought animals from around the world for his “jungle” films.

In 1920, legendary Park Superintendent Frank Shearer told the Los Angeles Times, “Los Angeles can have one of the greatest zoos in the world and Griffith Park in my opinion is the place for it,” noted Mike Eberts in his Griffith Park: A Centennial History. Timing was ripe, and with the support of park and city officials, along with private stakeholders, financial backing seemed assured. Until, that is, it wasn’t.

The result was that the Griffith Park Zoo that opened in 1912 was constructed with a next-to-nothing budget from the L.A. City Council and was pretty much as basic as it gets. As the saying goes, you get what you pay for, and from day one the zoo was fraught with mishaps and missteps. Reports vary as to how many animals first populated the zoo: maybe as few as 15: and where they came from.

In 1885, Col. Griffith: ever the entrepreneur: formed a short-lived joint venture with Dr. Charles Sketchley, a naturalist from South Africa who had a successful ostrich farm near today’s Knott’s Berry Farm. There was money to be made from breeding (each bird worth about $400) and from the birds’ fashion-attracting plumage. Sketchley relocated his farm, which included assorted other animals, to Griffith’s Rancho Los Feliz. The public was intrigued by the tall long-necked birds and outsized eggs, and attendance was bolstered by a specially built, albeit tottery, railway that took visitors from the city to the Ostrich Farm. But the attraction closed in 1889 and Sketchley relocated the ostriches to Northern California, leaving other animals behind.

The original population of the Griffith Park Zoo was likely cobbled from Sketchley’s abandoned animals, along with animals “from the estate of railroad builder Frank Murphy who had kept his own private zoo,” writes Eberts. In any case, in 1913 the zoo’s population grew with the arrival of about 100 frail animals from the shuttered, scandal-ridden Eastlake Park Zoo.

On Shaky Ground

Griffith Park Zoo was located in a canyon near Bee Rock. Wolves, monkeys, bobcats, deer and others were housed in rudimentary cages and enclosures, the bears in hillside caves. Larger animals were confined in jerry-rigged corrals. In 1914, an aviary, bear pits and more cages were constructed. But small animals escaped fragile structures, and the slipshod facilities and restrictive quarters boded misfortunes to come. Eberts relates in his article “Two Zoos in Griffith Park,” that in 1916 sewage was found to be draining into the Los Angeles River, almost shutting the zoo; and that many cats died after being fed horse meat during WWI when the City Council, citing budget issues, withdrew authorization to provide beef.

 

By the mid-1920s, closure loomed when park management, and even Col. Griffith’s son Van, voiced displeasure. But the zoo struggled on, taking in more animals. In a 2012 Los Angeles Public Library article, librarian Christina Rice, wrote that animals from the Selig Zoo, having been shuttled from one place to another after its 1923 closing, were given to the Griffith Park Zoo.

In the mid-1930s, a glimmer of hope for a great world park emerged with a major years-long overhaul by the Works Progress Administration. But even this expensive venture: new bear caves alone cost $500,000: were not enough to reverse the zoo’s shaky future. For starters, moving the animals into their new digs didn’t go without misadventure. In Hadley Meares’ KCET article, “A Whimpering Roar,” she relates a series of fiascoes that included zoo superintendent Byron Gibson’s struggle getting two bears into their new space; Elsie finally succumbed to a squirt of cold water, and Alice caved to sugar and raisin bread. But Rufus, a 625-pound lion, wound up stuck in a deep moat overnight.

Photo from the LFIA History Collection, courtesy of Marjorie Monteleone, second girl on the left.
This photo was taken in 1930 with one of the original Bactrian camels.


Plans for the Small Bear Grotto drawn up Oct., 1936 from the LFIA History Collection

 

The ensuing years brought more grief and bad press. A baby zebra and young bear suffered broken necks. Bears escaped an enclosure during a severe 1935 flood. Fights between tortoises and other animals, which terrified other nearby animals and birds, were broken up by caretakers.

In April 1934, Topsy, a Bactrian camel and star attraction, died. California’s Madera Tribune headlined, “The Last American Camel.” Topsy was said to have been one of the last: if not the last: survivor of camel herds that once carried packs across the mountains of southeastern California. She appeared in Fox movies and with the Ringling Brothers Circus. After Topsy’s two humps were disfigured in a train accident, she was taken in by the Griffith Park Zoo to spend the remainder of her 80+ years in peace. (see another article posted on the Natural History Museum website about this Bactrian camel)

A bubble of hope for the beleaguered facility came during the Great Depression and WWII when, seeking solace in whatever entertainment they could find: and afford: the number of visitors rose significantly. But calamity followed calamity, and the specter of closure loomed: again.

Vision of a Great World Zoo Dashed

In July 1949, the Los Angeles Times reported that chief animal keeper Charles Allen, concerned for the animals’ well-being, called for a bigger zoo. Come the 1950s, the zoo’s population had grown to 1,000 animals, further straining the doddering facility and imperiling the animals in their overcrowded quarters. Their sorry plight did not escape visitors, and complaints from zoo and local officials and other zoos grew more strident. Tension among employees and rumors of animal mistreatment resulted in occasional fights among employees, and local papers wrote of clashes among some of the overly stressed animals.

In Eberts’ Centennial History he wrote of ongoing controversy and scandal,”:a horticulturist as director:trading trained animals for allegedly inferior stock:[and] animals donated to the zoo sold for private gain.” Despite all, the embattled zoo remained open into the early 1960s. But things were coming to a head. It was time that Los Angeles had a zoo that matched the city’s idea of itself as a budding great city of the world.

In 1958, voters supported $8 million dollar bond to fund a new zoo. This triggered several years of headline-making financial and political wrangling and contentious debate regarding the site and management of the new zoo. Finally, this chapter was over. The Griffith Park Zoo that had opened in 1912 officially closed five decades later, in August 1966. With its demise, Park Superintendent Frank Shearer’s long-ago notion of Los Angeles as home to “one of the greatest zoos in the world” was not to be.

Then, on December 6, 1966, just two miles from the strangely eerie remains of the Old Zoo that can be seen today, the Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens opened with 2,000 animals:and another dream for a great zoo was born.

~Mary Proteau

The remains of the original zoo continue to fall further into disrepair…
























FoGP friend, Sarah Doupe shared this pic from her grandmother’s photo collection,
circa mid 1950s

front page photo: Workmen building bear grotto, 1935
Griffith Park Historical Society (GPHS), Courtesy Paul Hernandez

Comments

18 Comments

  1. I’m not sure exactly why but this blog is loading incredibly slow for me.
    Is anyone else having this problem or is it a problem on my end?
    I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.

    My blog post – english tutor

    Reply
    • Not sure why it’s so sluggish. I checked from my end and everything is fine.
      Have you tried refreshing – sometimes it’s helpful.

      Reply
  2. I noticed the prominent picture of the kid climbing thru the Old Zoo gate, and wanted to warn everyone – Just this summer, we were exploring while we waited for the Shakespeare Play to begin, my kid had just passed under that gate and a very large man was right behind him when the gate crashed down on him. He was pinned! Me, and another, adult lifted the very heavy metal gate door off his chest so he could slide out. Had that landed on my kid he would’ve been crushed! We still climb around the area, but are super aware around the gates and just climb around them. I wouldn’t want anyone to see that picture and think it’s safe or normal to cross under it.

    Reply
    • Went back to try and clarify the image you were talking about. There is no picture of a kid climbing through the Old Zoo gate on the site, so not sure what you’re referring to.
      Also, which gate “crashed” down because there are currently no gates in the area where the Shakespeare plays take place. Was this reported to the Park Rangers?

      Would appreciate more info.

      Reply
  3. Years ago I was exploring the old zoo and the ghost that remain.It was truly amazing to be walking around this abandoned gem ! But now the photos show so much graffiti and it breaks my heart

    Reply
    • We fully agree. FoGP occasionally takes scout troops up to clean the graffiti, but this is really a job that should be done by RAP maintenance. Unfortunately, it’s not.

      Reply
  4. Look for the Ghost of Michelle Corner there

    Reply
    • Perhaps you should explain who Michelle Corner was…

      Reply
  5. We learn from our past. It’s always easy to look back with blame. But most people just didn’t realize how terrible the situation was. We grow and we do better In The future.

    Reply
    • At the time the former L.A. Zoo was built, surprisingly, it was considered state of the art. It’s only with advances in practices that we can look back and acknowledge the shortcomings.

      Reply
    • bro stfu no one cares about animal situations

      Reply
  6. This was so wrong they kept the animal in small places and they were abusing then to and not taking of then properly seeing the picture now I would’ve felt bad for them and put a complaint because of how they were miss treating the animals.

    Reply
    • Althugh we may have come a long way with how we now “house” captive animals, I wonder sometimes if zoos are appropriate. And yes, the Old Zoo was pretty awful. In fact, I was over there on Saturday and marveled at the first enclosure where polar bears were kept. It’s truly tiny.

      Reply
  7. This is still a very beautiful hidden gem in 2021 but then again l am a native & appreciate historically rich sites in Los Angeles. It’s amazing to think it still standing ghostly strong despite how many years it’s been accessible to all. What craftsmanship. You really have must admire this solid place

    Reply
  8. very cool

    Reply
  9. Great piece! Do the Friends of Griffith have a map of the Old Zoo archived? Is one known to exist?

    Reply
  10. Very interesting and informative. But does anyone have any information about a recreation complex that was located down by Washington and Hill. I have also heard this was the original home of the Los Angeles Angels.

    Reply
    • Because we are the Friends of Griffith Park, this is where our focus resides.
      Good luck with your hunt for more information about a recreation complex near Washington and Hill.

      Reply

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